The first 60-series engine ran in March 1941, and was first flown in July the same year. In answer to a request from the British Air Ministry for a high-altitude Merlin for the pressurised Wellington VI high-altitude bomber, a Rolls-Royce team under the direction of Stanley Hooker developed a Merlin with two-stage supercharging, which became the Merlin 60-series. The bearing coating also improved the break-in (running-in) and load-carrying abilities of the surface. This had been developed by General Motors' Pontiac Division to prevent corrosion, which was possible with lubricating oils that were used at that time. The initial Packard modifications to this engine changed the main crankshaft bearings from a copper-lead alloy to a silver-lead combination and featured indium plating. The USAAF V-1650-1 version of this engine was used in the Curtiss P-40Fs. The Merlin 28 was used for the Avro Lancaster bomber. This engine used a single-stage, two-speed supercharger, the gear changing mechanism of which originally came from a French Farman patent license. The first American model was a version of the Mark XX, designated the V-1650-1 by the American military and the Packard Merlin 28 by the British. The first Packard-built engine, designated V-1650-1, ran in August 1941. An agreement was reached between Rolls-Royce and the Packard Motor Car Company in September 1940 to manufacture the Merlin under license, with a $130,000,000 order being placed. This was not enough to meet increasing demand with the British government looking to expand production using U.S. There was great need for the Rolls-Royce Merlin engine with shadow factories being established in Crewe, Manchester, and Glasgow. It found its most notable application in the North American P-51 Mustang fighter, improving the aircraft's performance so it could escort Allied heavy bombers from Britain to Germany and back.ĭesign and development Packard V-1650 in Deutsches Museum MünchenĪt the outbreak of World War Two, the British aviation industry expanded greatly. Later versions based on the Merlin 60 series included a more advanced two-stage supercharger for improved performance at high altitudes. The first V-1650s, with a one-stage supercharger, equivalent to the Merlin XX, were used in the P-40F Kittyhawk fighter and in Canadian-built Hawker Hurricanes. at a time when similarly powered American-made engines were not available. The engine was licensed to expand production of the Rolls-Royce Merlin for British use. The Packard V-1650 Merlin is a version of the Rolls-Royce Merlin aircraft engine, produced under license in the United States by the Packard Motor Car Company. For the Packard-produced engine also named V-1650, see Liberty L-12. Type in unit symbols, abbreviations, or full names for units of length, area, mass, pressure, and other types."V-1650" redirects here. You can find metric conversion tables for SI units, as well as English units, currency, and other data. It is approximately equal to Earth's atmospheric pressure at sea level.Ĭ provides an online conversion calculator for all types of measurement units. It is sometimes used as a reference pressure or standard pressure. The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as 101325 Pa (1.01325 bar). It is the pressure resulting from a force of one pound-force applied to an area of one square inch. The pound per square inch or, more accurately, pound-force per square inch (symbol: psi or lbf/in² or lbf/in²) is a unit of pressure or of stress based on avoirdupois units. You can do the reverse unit conversion fromĪtm to psi, or enter any two units below: Enter two units to convert From:
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